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Elections to Spain’s legislature, the Cortes Generales, were held on 19 November 1933 for all 473 seats in the unicameral Cortes of the Second Spanish Republic. Since the previous elections of 1931, a new constitution had been ratified, and the franchise extended to more than six million women. The governing Republican-Socialist coalition had fallen apart, with the Radical Republican Party beginning to support a newly united political right. The right formed an electoral coalition, as was favoured by the new electoral system enacted earlier in the year. The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (''Partido Socialista Obrero Español'', or PSOE) won only 59 seats. The newly formed Catholic conservative Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (''Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas'' or CEDA) gained 115 seats and the Radicals 102. The right capitalised on disenchantment with the government among Catholics and other conservatives. CEDA campaigned on reversing the reforms that had been made under the Republic, and on freeing political prisoners. Anarchists favoured abstention from the vote. These factors helped the election to result in significant victory for the right over the left. ==Background== Elections in June 1931 had returned a large majority of Republicans and Socialists to the Cortes, with the PSOE gaining 116 seats and the Radical Republican Party 94.〔Preston (2006). p. 50.〕 The state's financial position was poor. Wealth redistribution supported by the new government attracted criticism from the wealthy.〔Preston (2006). pp. 41–42.〕 The government also attempted to tackle poverty in rural areas by instituting an eight-hour day and giving security of tenure to farm workers, drawing criticism from landlords.〔Preston (2006). p. 42.〕〔 An effective parliamentary opposition was led by three groups. The first included Catholic movements such as the Catholic Association of Propagandists (''Asociación Católica de Propagandistas'').〔See also: :es:Asociación Católica de Propagandistas 〕〔Preston (2006). p. 43.〕 The second group consisted of organisations that had supported the monarchy, such as the Renovación Española and Carlists, who wanted to see the new republic overthrown in a violent uprising.〔 The third group were fascist organisations.〔Preston (2006). p. 45.〕 Members of the National Confederation of Labour (''Confederación Nacional del Trabajo'', or CNT) trade union movement willing to cooperate with the Republic were forced out of the CNT, which continued to oppose the government.〔Thomas (1961). p. 61.〕 Opposition parties had the support of the church.〔Preston (2006). pp. 46–47.〕 A new constitution was ratified on 9 December 1931.〔Preston (2006). p. 53.〕 It included many controversial articles, some of which were aimed at curbing the influence of the Catholic Church.〔Thomas (1961). p. 46.〕 The constitution was reformist, liberal, and democratic in nature, and was welcomed by the Republican-Socialist coalition, but opposed by landowners, industrialists, the organised church, and army officers.〔 In opposing educational and religious reforms, Spanish Catholics were forced to oppose the government.〔 The press criticised government actions as barbaric, unjust, and corrupt.〔Preston (2006). p. 61.〕 In October 1931 Prime Minister Niceto Alcalá Zamora resigned and was succeeded by Manuel Azaña. Radical Party leader Alejandro Lerroux had wanted that job himself and became alienated, switching his party's support to the opposition.〔Thomas (1961). p. 47.〕 This left Azaña dependent on the Socialists, but both the Socialists, who favoured reform, and the conservative right, who were against reform, were critical of the government.〔Preston (2006). pp. 54–55.〕 Socialists continued to support Azaña, but the left became fractured, driving the Socialists to the left, while the right united into CEDA, which tacitly embraced fascism.〔〔Thomas (1961). p. 67.〕 On 1 October 1933, Socialist left leader Largo Cabellero spoke out against Lerroux's Republicans, suggesting the reform programme of the government, and thus the basis for the Republic itself, was under threat. He warned that if the government itself were the threat, the Socialists would have to withdraw support for it.〔Preston (1994). p. 177.〕 The following day another Socialist leader, Indalecio Prieto, declared that the Socialists would no longer participate in government, which precipitated its collapse. Alcalá Zamora, who became President in 1931, now requested that Republican Martínez Barrio form a new government. Socialist opposition on both constitutional and ideological grounds meant the PSOE withheld its support for the Barrio government, which was formed on 8 October, but called for fresh elections to be held on 19 November 1933.〔Preston (1994). p. 178.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spanish general election, 1933」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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